The experimental protocol was approved by the Taisho Pharmaceutical Company Animal Care Committee.
Each experiment was performed using 6- to 39-week-old animals.
Taurine dosage free#
The animals had free accesses to a commercial diet (MF, Oriental Yeast Co., LTD.) and water throughout the experimental period. Male hairless mice (Hr-1) and male Sprague Dawley rats were obtained from Japan SLC (Hamamatsu, Japan) and housed in an SPF, temperature-, and humidity-controlled room maintained under a 12-h light–dark cycle. In addition, we assessed the effect of taurine supplementation of drinking water on the taurine content of the skin.
Taurine dosage skin#
In the present study, we conducted animal experiments using mice and rats to examine whether the taurine content of the skin decreases with aging. Although the beneficial effect of taurine in maintaining the skin barrier function has been confirmed, changes in the skin taurine content with aging have not yet been well studied. For example, a decrease in the intracellular lipid content in aged skin results in increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and increased susceptibility to skin irritants and xerosis. With advancing age, both epidermal homeostasis and the skin barrier function are impaired (Al-Nuaimi et al. Thus, taurine is thought to be essential for maintaining the normal skin functions. Several studies have revealed that taurine plays significant roles in moisture retention and UV protection of the skin, through exerting osmoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory actions (Janeke et al. It has been shown that taurine occurs predominantly in the epidermis, especially in the epidermal granular layer (Lobo et al. The epidermis is composed, from the surface, of the stratum corneum, granular layer, spinous layer, and basal layer, and is responsible for the moisturizing and barrier functions of the skin (Madison 2003). The skin consists of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The main function of the skin is to protect the body against mechanical traumas, pathogens, radiation, and excessive water loss. Therefore, decline in the tissue content of taurine may cause impairment of organ functions. 2006), and central nervous system (Sergeeva et al. 2015), and dysfunctions of the skeletal muscle (Ito et al. In fact, knockout of the taurine transporter to induce taurine deficiency in mice resulted in many abnormalities, including disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism (Ito et al. It is thought to be an important substance for maintaining whole-body homeostasis. Taurine is widely recognized as being involved in various biological and physiological processes in the body, through exerting basic effects, such as osmoregulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing, and Ca 2+ mobilizing activities (Huxtable 1992 Schaffer et al. Taurine (2-aminomethylsulfonic acid) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that occurs in abundance in mammalian tissues. The decreased taurine content of the epidermis in aged animals was able to be rescued by taurine supplementation. The present study showed for the first time that the taurine content of the skin decreased with age in mice and rats, which may be related to the impairment of the skin homeostasis observed with aging. Supplementation of the drinking water of aged mice with 3% (w/v) taurine for 4 weeks increased the taurine content of the epidermis, but not the dermis. An immunohistochemical analysis also revealed a decreased skin taurine content in aged animals compared with younger animals, although no significant differences in the localization of taurine were observed between the two age groups. In contrast, the taurine content in the sole remained unchanged with age. Similar age-related decline in the skin taurine content was also observed in rats. The results of the investigation revealed that the taurine content in both the dermis and epidermis of hairless mice declined significantly with age. Taurine was extracted from the skin samples of hairless mice and Sprague Dawley rats, and the taurine content of the skin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We investigated the effects of aging on the content and localization of taurine in the skin of mice and rats. Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, occurs at high concentrations in the skin, and plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of the skin.
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